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Vagrant can be used for automatically provisioning VMs, and even whole development environments.

On ubuntu host:

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$ sudo apt install vagrant
$ vagrant --version
$ mkdir Vagrant;cd Vagrant
$ vagrant init
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "base"
$ sed -i 's#config.vm.box = "base"#config.vm.box = "centos/7"#g' Vagrantfile
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh
$ vagrant destroy

Components

  • Providers:
    • Backend of Vagrant
    • VirtualBox
    • VMware
    • Hyper-V
    • vCloud
    • AWS
  • Boxes:
  • Vagrantfile:
    • A Ruby file
    • How many VMs
    • Configure VMs
    • Provision VMs
    • Committed to version control
      example of Vagrantfile
  • Provisioners:
    • Automatically install software, alter configurations
    • Boxes may not be a complete use case for you
    • Multiple options
    • Shell Script
    • Ansible
    • Chef
    • Docker
    • Puppet
      workflow of vagrant

Operations

  • Adding a vagrant box:
    • Syntax: vagrant box add
    • Example: vagrant box add ubuntu/trusty32
  • Listing and removing vagrant boxes:
    • vagrant box list
    • vagrant box remove
  • Creating a VM environment:
    • Syntax: vagrant init
    • Example: vagrant init ubuntu/trusty32
  • Starting a VM environment:
    • vagrant up ubuntu/trusty32
    • vagrant up
  • Connecting:
    • vagrant ssh ubuntu/trusty32
    • vagrant ssh
  • Stopping, restarting, and destroying
    • vagrant halt
    • vagrant reload
    • vagrant destroy

Provisioning of vagrant

  • Creating a VM and provisioning it with Apache installed and prot forwarding

  • Add theses lines in Vagrantfile:

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    config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
    config.vm.provision 'shell', path: 'provision.sh'

  • Create provision.sh file with these entries:

    • sudo apt-get update
    • sudo apt-get install -y apache2

  • Destroy and start the virtual machine:

    • vagrant destroy
    • vagrant up
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